Open 'sdl3-sample/CMakeLists.txt' and set 'target_link_libraries' adding 'android EGL GLESv2':
Old code:
target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PUBLIC SDL3::SDL3)
New code:
target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE_NAME} PUBLIC SDL3::SDL3 android EGL GLESv2)
Now you can run your application on your device by executing the gradlew installDebug inside of the 'sdl3-sample\SDL\android-project' folder